138例儿童颅外恶性生殖细胞肿瘤临床研究

目的:研究儿童恶性生殖细胞瘤（malignant germ cell tumor，MGCT）的临床及预后特征。方法:回顾性分析1998年1月至2016年1月上海儿童医学中心收治的初发颅外MGCT患儿138例。对患儿的临床特点、疗效及预后做综合分析。结果:按病理分期，Ⅰ期患儿5年总生存期（overall survival，OS）OS为100.00%，Ⅱ期患儿5年为94.44%，Ⅲ期5年OS为96.43%，Ⅳ期5年OS为88.73%。多因素分析显示，病理分期对生存率的影响有统计学差异（P<0.01），年龄、性别及部位对于生存率的影响无显著统计学差异。本研究中共有13例Ⅰ/Ⅱ期患儿接受手术后临床观察，有5例（38.5%）在2年内出现疾病复发进展的情况并接受化疗，目前均达到临床缓解。结论:通过以手术联合含铂类药物化疗并根据临床危险度的不同分层治疗MGCT瘤患儿，可得到较好的临床疗效。     

Association between PPARG genetic polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in a northern Chinese Han population: a case-control study

Two common polymorphisms of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARG) gene, rs1801282 and rs3856806, may be important candidate gene loci affecting the susceptibility to ischemic stroke. This case-control study sought to identify the relationship between these two single-nucleotide polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk in a northern Chinese Han population. A total of 910 ischemic stroke participants were recruited from the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China as a case group, of whom 895 completed the study. The 883 healthy controls were recruited from the Health Check Center of the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. All participants or family members provided informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of China Medical University, China on February 20, 2012(approval No. 2012-38-1). The protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number: ChiCTR-COC-17013559). Plasma genomic DNA was extracted from all participants and analyzed for rs1801282 and rs3856806 single nucleotide polymorphisms using a SNaPshot Multiplex sequencing assay. Odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression to estimate the association between ischemic stroke and a particular genotype. Results demonstrated that the G allele frequency of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group(P 0.001). Individuals carrying the G allele had a 1.844 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.844, 95% CI: 1.286–2.645, P 0.001). Individuals carrying the rs3856806 T allele had a 1.366 fold increased risk of ischemic stroke(OR = 1.366, 95% CI: 1.077–1.733, P = 0.010). The distribution frequencies of the PPARG gene haplotypes rs1801282-rs3856806 in the control and case groups were determined. The frequency of distribution in the G-T haplotype case group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The risk of ischemic stroke increased to 2.953 times in individuals carrying the G-T haplotype(OR = 2.953, 95% CI: 2.082–4.190, P 0.001). The rs1801282 G allele and rs3856806 T allele had a multiplicative interaction(OR = 3.404, 95% CI: 1.631–7.102, P 0.001) and additive interaction(RERI = 41.705, 95% CI: 14.586–68.824, AP = 0.860; 95% CI: 0.779–0.940; S = 8.170, 95% CI: 3.772–17.697) on ischemic stroke risk, showing a synergistic effect. Of all ischemic stroke cases, 86% were attributed to the interaction of the G allele of rs1801282 and the T allele of rs3856806. The effect of the PPARG rs1801282 G allele on ischemic stroke risk was enhanced in the presence of the rs3856806 T allele(OR = 8.001 vs. 1.844). The effect of the rs3856806 T allele on ischemic stroke risk was also enhanced in the presence of the rs1801282 G allele(OR = 2.546 vs. 1.366). Our results confirmed that the G allele of the PPARG gene rs1801282 locus and the T allele of the rs3856806 locus may be independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in the Han population of northern China, with a synergistic effect between the two alleles.     

能谱智能匹配联合双低技术在CT门静脉成像中的可行性研究

目的 探索单能量成像结合自适应统计迭代重建（adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction，ASIR）及自动能谱协议选择（automatic spectral imaging mode selection，ASIS）技术在个体化降低患者门静脉造影辐射剂量、对比剂剂量中的应用价值。方法 回顾性收集华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院2017年1月至2017年4月120例临床需进行上腹部增强检查的受检者资料（男80例，女40例），按扫描方案分为3组，每组各40例。A组采用常规120 kVp扫描，噪声指数（NI）=10，对比剂用量为450 mgI/kg，图像采用50% ASIR重建；B、C两组采用能谱成像模式，NI=10（B组），NI=13（C组），对比剂用量均为300 mgI/kg，图像采用60 keV+50% ASIR重建。采用单因素方差分析比较3组图像中门静脉、肝实质的平均CT值及其差值、图像噪声、信噪比（SNR）及对比噪声比（CNR）。由两位高年资放射科医师对3组图像进行主观图像质量评分。记录患者的容积CT剂量指数（CTDI_vol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）并计算有效剂量（E）。结果 B、C两组对比剂用量较A组降低了约30%。A、B、C组图像的门静脉CT值分别为168.22±17.82、209.06±20.07、211.03±25.60，B、C组与A比较，差异有统计学意义（t=-9.625、-8.680，P<0.05）。A、B、C 3组门静脉与肝实质CT差值分别为60.01±17.01、106.63±25.83、107.72±25.39，B、C组与A组比较，差异有统计学意义（t=-9.536、-9.857，P<0.05）。SNR分别为8.48±1.41、12.64±2.94、10.77±1.94，CNR分别为5.16±1.80、8.13±2.54、7.32±1.84，图像质量评分分别为（3.53±0.68）、（4.75±0.54）和（4.53±0.64）分，B、C组的SNR、CNR和图像质量评分与A组比较，差异有统计学意义（t=-8.082、-6.064、-6.050、-5.308、-8.912、-6.779，P<0.05）。A、B、C组CTDI_vol分别为（12.15±5.02）、（12.34±4.18）、（10.03±3.13）mGy，DLP分别为（348.62±155.99）、（355.56±131.07）、（287.10±92.25）mGy·cm，E分别为（5.23±2.34）、（5.33±1.97）、（4.31±1.38）mSv，相对于A、B两组，C组的CTDI_vol、DLP和E差异均有统计学意义（t=2.274、2.147、2.147、2.812、2.702、2.702，P<0.05），分别降低了19%。结论 CT门静脉成像时，选择NI=13，60 keV结合50%ASIR重建及ASIS技术可以个体化降低患者的对比剂剂量和辐射剂量，并提供满足诊断要求的图像。     

Liver-specific knockout of histone methyltransferase G9a impairs liver maturation and dysregulates inflammatory,cytoprotective, and drug-processing genes

1. Methyltransferase G9a is essential for a key gene silencing mark, histone H3 dimethylation at lysine-9 (H3K9me2). Hepatic G9a expression is down-regulated by xenobiotics and diabetes. However, little is known about the role of G9a in liver. Thus, we generated mice with liver-specific knockout (Liv-KO) of G9a.

2. Adult G9a Liv-KO mice had marked loss of H3K9me2 proteins in liver, without overt liver injury or infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, G9a-null livers had ectopic induction of certain genes normally expressed in neural and immune systems. Additionally, G9a-null livers had moderate down-regulation of cytoprotective genes, markedly altered expression of certain important drug-processing genes, elevated endogenous reactive oxygen species, induction of ER stress marker Chop, but decreased glutathione and nuclear Nrf2. microRNA-383, a negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt pathway, was strongly induced in G9a Liv-KO mice. After LPS treatment, G9a Liv-KO mice had aggravated lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory response.

3. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that G9a regulates liver maturation by silencing neural and proinflammatory genes but maintaining/activating cytoprotective and drug-processing genes, in which the G9a/miR-383/PI3K/Akt/Nrf2?(Chop) pathways may play important roles. G9a deficiency due to genetic polymorphism and/or environmental exposure may alter xenobiotic metabolism and aggravate inflammation and liver dysfunction.

     

Retrieval of aspirated dental equipment from a lung

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d'anesthésie -     

住院医师规范化培训中引入Mini-CEX的实践

目的　观察对住院医师规范化培训部分学员使用Mini-CEX进行临床教学的效果。方法选取我院2015级住培学员40名，随机分为对照组和实验组，每组20人。2015年10月至2018年4月，对照组采用传统教学；实验组在传统教学基础上结合Mini-CEX活动，实验组每人在每个轮转科室至少进行2次Mini-CEX。毕业时应用改良的Mini-CEX评分量表、病例答辩和OSCE三种考核方法对两组学员进行测评。针对实施过Mini-CEX的教师和学员分别发放问卷，进行满意度调查。采用SPSS 18.0对数据进行统计分析，组间比较采用独立样本t检验，组内前后比较采用配对样本t检验。结果 Mini-CEX测评显示，两组学员各项临床能力毕业成绩均高于入学成绩，实验组学员毕业成绩优于对照组，实验组学员成绩提高分数大于对照组提高分数，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。病例答辩显示，实验组学员平均成绩为（81.16±3.75）分，优于对照组的（70.13±3.88）分，差异有统计学意义（t= -9.140，P=0.000）。OSCE考核显示，实验组平均总分为（96.300±4.681），优于对照组的（91.775±3.227）分，差异有统计学意义（t=-3.559，P=0.001）。共发放调查问卷80份，其中教师40份、学员40份，结果显示教师满意率达95.0%、学员满意率达92.5%。结论　Mini-CEX应用于住院医师规范化培训临床带教中，有利于提高学员的临床思维、医患沟通和人文关怀能力。